Xadhkaha ololka ee ololka, waxa loola jeedaa siligga xaaladaha dab-demiska, guud ahaan kiiska tijaabada, ka dib markii siliggu gubto, haddii korontada la gooyo, dabka ayaa lagu xakameyn doonaa xad gaar ah, ma faafi doono, oo leh olol dib-u-dhigis iyo xakameynaya waxqabadka qiiqa sunta ah. Xadhkaha ololka oo qayb muhiim ah ka ah badbaadada korantada, doorashada alaabteeda ayaa muhiim ah, suuqa hadda jira ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo agabka dab-demiska ololka oo ay ku jiraanPVC, XLPE, caag silikoon ah iyo agabka dahaarka macdanta.
Xulashada siliga ololka iyo walxaha fiilada
Heerka sare ee oksijiinta ee walxaha loo isticmaalo fiilada ololka ee ololka, ayaa si fiican u fiicnaanaya waxqabadka ololka, laakiin korodhka tusaha oksijiinta, waa lagama maarmaan in la lumiyo qaar ka mid ah guryaha kale. Haddii sifooyinka jireed iyo hab-socodka walxaha la dhimo, qalliinku waa adag yahay, iyo qiimaha alaabta waa la kordhiyaa, sidaas darteed waa lagama maarmaan in si macquul ah oo habboon loo doorto tusaha oksijiinta, index oksijiin ee walxaha dahaarka guud wuxuu gaaraa 30, alaabtu waxay ka gudbi kartaa shuruudaha imtixaanka fasalka C ee heerka caadiga ah, haddii dhogorta iyo buuxinta alaabta ay yihiin ololka dab-demiska, alaabta fasalka iyo qalabka fiilada ayaa buuxin kara shuruudaha fasalka. inta badan waxa loo kala qaybiyaa agab dab-celiya halogen iyo walxo dab-damiya oo aan halogen lahayn;
1. Qalab halogenated ololka celiye
Sababtoo ah burburka iyo sii deynta halide hydrogen marka gubasho la kululeeyo, hydrogen halide waxay qabsan kartaa xididka HO ee bilaashka ah ee firfircoon, si gubashada walxaha dib loo dhigo ama loo damiyo si loo gaaro ujeedada ololka. Caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo waa polyvinyl chloride, caag neoprene, polyetylen chlorosulfonated, caag ethylene-propylene iyo qalab kale.
(1) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC): qiimaha jaban ee PVC awgeed, dahaarka wanaagsan iyo ololka, waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa siliga caadiga ah ee ololka iyo fiilada. Si loo hagaajiyo daahitaanka ololka ee PVC, dib-u-celinta ololka halogen (decabromodiphenyl ethers), paraffins koloriin leh iyo dib-u-celinta ololka synergic ayaa inta badan lagu daraa caanaha si loo hagaajiyo dib-u-dhaca ololka ee PVC.
caag Ethylene propylene (EPDM): hydrocarbons non-polar, oo leh sifooyin koronto oo aad u fiican, iska caabin dahaarka sare, khasaaraha dielectric hoose, laakiin caag ethylene propylene waa walxo guban, waa in aan la dhimo heerka crosslinking ethylene propylene caag ah, hoos u xidhidhiyaha silsilad molikula ay sababto miisaanka maaddada hoose, si loo hagaajiyo guryaha flame.
(2) qiiq yar iyo walxaha dib u ololeeya halogen hooseeya
Inta badan loogu talagalay polyvinyl chloride iyo chlorosulfonated polyetylen laba walxood. Ku dar CaCO3 iyo A(IOH)3 qaabka PVC. Zinc borate iyo MoO3 waxay yarayn karaan sii daynta HCL iyo qiiqa qiiqa holcka retardant polyvinyl chloride, si ay u wanaajiso dib u dhaca ololka walxaha, yaraynta halogen, ceeryaamo acid, qiiqa sii daaya, laakiin waxa laga yaabaa inay tusmada oksijiinta wax yar hoos u dhacdo.
2. Walxaha dabka celinaya ee aan halogen lahayn
Polyolefins waa walxo aan halogen lahayn, oo ka kooban hydrocarbons kuwaas oo jebiya kaarboon laba ogsaydh iyo biyaha marka la gubo iyaga oo aan soo saarin qiiq weyn iyo gaas waxyeello leh. Polyolefin inta badan waxaa ku jira polyetylen (PE) iyo ethylene - vinyl acetate polymers (E-VA). Qalabkan laftoodu ma laha olol dib-u-celin ah, waxay u baahan yihiin inay ku daraan dib-u-kicinta ololka aan orgaaniga ahayn iyo fosfooraska taxanaha ololka, si ay uga baaraandegaan qalabka wax-ka-reebista ololka ee halogen-la'aanta; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay la'aanta kooxaha polar on silsilad molecular ee walxaha non-polar leh hydrophobicity, xidhiidhka la retardants ololka aan organic waa liidata, adag tahay in si adag bond. Si loo hagaajiyo dhaqdhaqaaqa dusha sare ee polyolefin, surfactants ayaa lagu dari karaa caanaha. Ama in polyolefin lagu qaso polymers ka kooban kooxaha polar, si ay u kordhiyaan qadarka holac retardant filler, hagaajinta sifooyinka farsamo iyo sifooyinka alaabta, halka helitaanka olol retardant ka fiican. Waxaa la arki karaa in siligga ololka iyo fiilada weli aad u faa'iido badan, isticmaalkuna uu yahay mid deegaan ahaan u wanaagsan.
Waqtiga post: Dec-03-2024