Fiilooyinka iyo fiilooyinka, oo u adeega sidayaasha ugu muhiimsan ee gudbinta korontada iyo isgaarsiinta macluumaadka, waxay leeyihiin waxqabad si toos ah ugu xiran hababka dahaarka iyo daboolida dahaarka. Iyada oo la kala duwanaanayo shuruudaha warshadaha casriga ah ee waxqabadka fiilada, afar hab oo guud - fidinta, duubista dhererka, duubista helical, iyo dahaarka quusitaanka - waxay muujinayaan faa'iidooyin gaar ah oo ku jira xaalado kala duwan. Maqaalkani wuxuu si qoto dheer u eegayaa xulashada agabka, socodka habka, iyo xaaladaha codsiga ee geeddi-socod kasta, isagoo bixinaya saldhig aragtiyeed oo loogu talagalay naqshadeynta fiilada iyo xulashada.
1 Habka Fidinta
1.1 Nidaamyada Agabka
Habka wax-soo-saarka wuxuu inta badan isticmaalaa walxaha polymer-ka ee thermoplastic ama thermosetting:
① Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Qiimo jaban, habayn fudud, oo ku habboon fiilooyinka danab-yar ee caadiga ah (tusaale ahaan, fiilooyinka caadiga ah ee UL 1061), laakiin leh iska caabin kulaylka oo liidata (heerkulka isticmaalka muddada-dheer ≤70°C).
②Polyethylene-ka isku xiran (XLPE): Iyada oo loo marayo isku-xidhka peroxide ama shucaaca, heerka heerkulka ayaa kordha ilaa 90°C (heerka IEC 60502), oo loo isticmaalo fiilooyinka korontada ee dhexdhexaadka ah iyo kuwa sare.
③ Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU): Iska caabbinta xoqidda waxay la jaanqaadaysaa heerka caadiga ah ee ISO 4649 Heerka A, oo loo isticmaalo fiilooyinka silsiladda jiidista robot-ka.
④ Fluoroplastics (tusaale ahaan, FEP): Iska caabbinta heerkulka sare (200°C) iyo iska caabbinta daxalka kiimikada, buuxinta shuruudaha fiilada hawada sare ee MIL-W-22759.
1.2 Astaamaha Habka
Wuxuu isticmaalaa qalab wax lagu dhejiyo si uu u gaaro dahaar joogto ah:
① Xakamaynta Heerkulka: XLPE waxay u baahan tahay xakamaynta heerkulka saddex-marxalad ah (aagga quudinta 120°C → aagga cadaadiska 150°C → aagga isku-dhafka ah 180°C).
② Xakamaynta Dhumucda: Kala duwanaanshaha waa inuu ahaadaa ≤5% (sida ku cad GB/T 2951.11).
③ Habka Qaboojinta: Qaboojinta Gradient ee weel biyood si looga hortago dillaaca cadaadiska crystallization.
1.3 Xaaladaha Codsiga
① Gudbinta Korontada: 35 kV iyo ka hooseeya fiilooyinka XLPE ee dahaaran (GB/T 12706).
② Xargaha Fiilooyinka Gawaarida: Dahaarka PVC-ga ee derbiga khafiifka ah (Dhumucda ISO 6722 heerka 0.13 mm).
③ Fiilooyin Gaar ah: Fiilooyin isku xiran oo PTFE ah oo dahaaran (ASTM D3307).
2 Geedi socodka Duubista Dheer
2.1 Xulashada Agabka
① Xariijimaha Birta ah: 0.15 mmcajalad bir ah oo galvanized ah(Shuruudaha GB/T 2952), cajalad aluminium ah oo balaastig ah (Qaab-dhismeedka Al/PET/Al).
② Qalabka Biyo-xidhka: Cajalad biyo-xidhka ah oo lagu dahaadhay dhalaal kulul oo lagu dhejiyay biyo-xidhka (heerka bararka ≥500%).
③ Qalabka Alxanka: Fiilada alxanka aluminiumka ah ee ER5356 ee alxanka argon arc (heerka AWS A5.10).
2.2 Tiknoolajiyada Muhiimka ah
Habka duubista dhererka leh wuxuu ka kooban yahay saddex tallaabo oo muhiim ah:
① Samaynta Xariijimaha: Laabista xariijimaha fidsan qaabka U-qaabka → qaabka O iyada oo loo marayo rogid marxalado badan leh.
② Alxanka Joogtada ah: Alxanka soo-kicinta ee soo noqnoqda oo sarreeya (soo noqnoqoshada 400 kHz, xawaaraha 20 m/daqiiqo).
③ Kormeerka khadka tooska ah: Tijaabiyaha dabka (danabka tijaabada 9 kV/mm).
2.3 Codsiyada Caadiga ah
① Fiilooyinka Badda hoostooda: Xarig bir ah oo laba lakab leh oo duuban (IEC 60840 oo ah xoogga farsamada caadiga ah ≥400 N/mm²).
② Fiilooyinka Macdanta: Gogosha aluminiumka ah ee la isku dhejiyay (MT 818.14 xoog cadaadis ≥20 MPa).
③ Fiilooyinka Isgaarsiinta: Gaashaan duubis dherer leh oo isku dhafan oo aluminium-balaastig ah (luminta gudbinta ≤0.1 dB/m @1GHz).
3 Geedi socodka Duubista Helical
3.1 Isku-darka Waxyaabaha
① Cajalad Mica ah: Tirada Muscovite ≥95% (GB/T 5019.6), heerkulka iska caabbinta dabka 1000°C/90 daqiiqo.
② Cajalad Semiconducting ah: Kaarboon madow oo ka kooban 30% ~ 40% (caabinta mugga 10² ~ 10³ Ω·cm).
③ Cajalado isku dhafan: Filim Polyester ah + maro aan tolnayn (dhumucdeedu waa 0.05 mm ±0.005 mm).
3.2 Qodobbada Hawsha
① Xagasha Duubista: 25°~55° (xagasha yar waxay bixisaa iska caabin foorarsi oo wanaagsan).
② Saamiga Is-dulsaarista: 50% ~ 70% (Fiilooyinka u adkaysta dabka waxay u baahan yihiin 100% is-dulsaar).
③ Xakamaynta Xiisadda: 0.5~2 N/mm² (xakamaynta wareegga xiran ee matoorka servo).
3.3 Codsiyada Cusub
① Fiilooyinka Korontada Nukliyeerka: Duubista cajaladda mica ee saddex-lakab leh (oo imtixaanka LOCA ee caadiga ah ee IEEE 383 u qalma).
② Fiilooyinka Superconducting: Duubista cajaladda biyaha celiya ee semiconducting (heerka haynta hadda ee muhiimka ah ≥98%).
③ Fiilooyinka soo noqnoqda sare leh: Duubista filimka PTFE (joogto dielectric ah 2.1 @1MHz).
4 Geedi socodka Dahaarka
4.1 Nidaamyada Dahaarka
① Dahaarka Asfalt: Gelitaan 60～80 (0.1 mm) @25°C (GB/T 4507).
② Polyurethane: Nidaamka laba-qaybood leh (NCO∶OH = 1.1∶1), dhejis ≥3B (ASTM D3359).
③ Dahaarka Nano: SiO₂ oo laga beddelay epoxy resin (tijaabada buufinta milixda oo ka badan 1000 saacadood).
4.2 Hagaajinta Hawsha
① Ku-shubista faakuumka: Cadaadiska 0.08 MPa ayaa la hayaa 30 daqiiqo (heerka buuxinta daloolka > 95%).
② Daawaynta UV: Mowjadaha hirarka 365 nm, xoojinta 800 mJ/cm².
③ Qallajinta Gradient: 40°C × 2 saacadood → 80°C × 4 saacadood → 120°C × 1 saac.
4.3 Codsiyada Gaarka ah
① Qabanqaabiyeyaasha Dusha Sare: Dahaarka ka hortagga daxalka ee Graphene-ka wax laga beddelay (cufnaanta kaydka milixda ayaa hoos u dhacday 70%).
② Fiilooyinka Looxa Maraakiibta: Dahaarka polyurea ee is-bogsiiya (waqtiga bogsashada dildilaaca ka yar 24 saacadood).
③ Fiilooyinka la aasay: Dahaarka Semiconducting (iska caabbinta dhulka ≤5 Ω·km).
5 Gunaanad
Iyadoo la horumarinayo agabyo cusub iyo qalab caqli badan, hababka daboolida ayaa u gudbaya isku-darka iyo dijitaalka. Tusaale ahaan, tignoolajiyada isku-dhafan ee duubista dheer-dheer waxay suurtogalinaysaa wax soo saarka isku-dhafan ee saddex-lakab oo isku-dhafan + shafka aluminiumka, iyo fiilooyinka isgaarsiinta 5G waxay isticmaalaan dahaarka nano-daboolaya + duubista isku-dhafan. Hal-abuurka geeddi-socodka mustaqbalka wuxuu u baahan yahay inuu helo dheelitirka ugu wanaagsan ee u dhexeeya xakamaynta kharashka iyo horumarinta waxqabadka, taasoo horseedaysa horumarinta tayada sare ee warshadaha fiilada.
Waqtiga boostada: Diseembar-31-2025